Electricity theft- criminal and civil liability

Electricity Act, 2003 – S. 127 – Theft of electricity – Even if final report is submitted in criminal case, Consumer still liable for payment of dues for alleged illegal use - 2010 (4) AWC 4074

Development charges

In absence of rules regulations or bylaws , Development Authority can not demand development charges - 2010 (4) AWC 3767

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जन्मतिथि परिवर्तन

उच्चतम न्यायलय ने पंजाब हरयाणा हाई कोर्ट बनाम मेघराज गर्ग में दिनांक २० मई, २०१० को यह निर्णय दिया है कि नौकरी पाने के बाद यदि विद्यालय प्रमाण पत्र में जन्मतिथि संशोधित की जाती है तो सरकार या सम्बंधित विभाग उस संशोधित जन्मतिथि के अनुसार सेवा पुस्तिका में संशोधन करने के लिए बाध्य नहीं है।
इस मामले में एक न्यायिक अधिकारी ने नौकरी पाने के दस साल बाद विश्वविद्यालय के प्रमाण पत्र में अपनी जन्मतिथि बदलवाया था और राज्य सरकार तथा उच्च न्यायलय प्रशासन से यह अनुरोध किया था कि प्रमाणपत्र में संशोधित जन्मतिथि के अनुरूप उसकी सेवा पुस्तिका में भी जन्मतिथि संशोधित किया जाए ।
प्रार्थना पत्र अस्वीकार होने पर उसने दीवानी वाद प्रस्तुत किया जिसे अधीनस्थ न्यायलय तथा उच्च न्यायलय ने भी उसके पक्ष में डिक्री करते हुए सेवा पुस्तिका में जन्म तिथि संशोधित करने का आदेश पारित किया था। उच्चतम न्यायलय ने उच्च न्यायलय प्रशासन की अपील मंजूर करते हुए वाद को अस्वीकार एवं डिक्री को अपास्त कर दिया।

Compounding of offences u/s 138, NI Act

In CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 963 OF 2010, Damodar S. Prabhu v. Sayed Babalal H., decided on 03/05/2010 , the Supreme Court observed that the interests of justice would indeed be better served if parties resorted to compounding as a method to resolve their disputes at an early stage instead of engaging in protracted litigation before several forums, thereby causing undue delay, expenditure and strain on part of the judicial system. This is clearly a situation that is causing some concern, since Section 147 of the Act does not prescribe as to what stage is appropriate for compounding the offence and whether the same can be done at the instance of the complainant or with the leave of the court.

With regard to the progression of litigation in cheque bouncing cases, the Attorney General requested to the Supreme Court to frame guidelines for a graded scheme of imposing costs on parties who unduly delay compounding of the offence. It was submitted that the requirement of deposit of the costs will act as a deterrent for delayed composition, since at present, free and easy compounding of offences at any stage, however belated, gives an incentive to the drawer of the cheque to delay settling the cases for years. An application for compounding made after several years not only results in the system being burdened but the complainant is also deprived of effective justice. In view of this submission, the Supreme Court directed the following guidelines to be followed:-

THE GUIDELINES

(a) That directions can be given that the Writ of Summons be suitably modified making it clear to the accused that he could make an application for compounding of the offences at the first or second hearing of the case and that if such an application is made, compounding may be allowed by the court without imposing any costs on the accused.

(b) If the accused does not make an application for compounding as aforesaid, then if an application for compounding is made before the Magistrate at a subsequent stage, compounding can be allowed subject to the condition that the accused will be required to pay 10% of the cheque amount to be deposited as a condition for compounding with the Legal Services Authority, or such authority as the Court deems fit.

(c) Similarly, if the application for compounding is made before the Sessions Court or a High Court in revision or appeal, such compounding may be allowed on the condition that the accused pays 15% of the cheque amount by way of costs.

(d) Finally, if the application for compounding is made before the Supreme Court, the figure would increase to 20% of the cheque amount.

The supreme Court further directed that :

(e) any costs imposed in accordance with these guidelines should be deposited with the Legal Services Authority operating at the level of the Court before which compounding takes place. For instance, in case of compounding during the pendency of proceedings before Magistrate's Court or a Court of Sessions, such costs should be deposited with the District Legal Services Authority. Likewise, costs imposed in connection with composition before the High Court should be deposited with the State Legal Services Authority and those imposed in connection with composition before the Supreme Court should be deposited with the National Legal Services Authority.

The Supreme Court agreed with the Attorney General's suggestions for controlling the filing of multiple complaints that are relatable to the same transaction. It was submitted that complaints are being increasingly filed in multiple jurisdictions in a vexatious manner which causes tremendous harassment and prejudice to the drawers of the cheque. For instance, in the same transaction pertaining to a loan taken on an installment basis to be repaid in equate monthly installments, several cheques are taken which are dated for each monthly installment and upon the dishonor of each of such cheques, different complaints are being filed in different courts which may also have jurisdiction in relation to the complaint. In light of this submission, we direct that it should be mandatory for the complainant to disclose that no other complaint has been filed in any other court in respect of the same transaction. Such a disclosure should be made on a sworn affidavit which should accompany the complaint file under Section 200 of the CrPC. If it is found that such multiple complaints have been filed, orders for transfer of the complaint to the first court should be given, generally speaking, by the High Court after imposing heavy costs on the complainant for resorting to such a practice. These directions should be given effect prospectively.

The court said that, “We are also conscious of the view that the judicial endorsement of the above quoted guidelines could be seen as an act of judicial law-making and therefore an intrusion into the legislative domain. It must be kept in mind that Section 147 of the Act does not carry any guidance on how to proceed with the compounding of offences under the Act. We have already explained that the scheme contemplated under Section 320 of the CrPC cannot be followed in the strict sense. In view of the legislative vacuum, we see no hurdle to the endorsement of some suggestions which have been designed to discourage litigants from unduly delaying the composition of the offence in cases involving Section 138 of the Act. The graded scheme for imposing costs is a means to encourage compounding at an early stage of litigation. In the status quo,valuable time of the Court is spent on the trial of these cases and the parties are not liable to pay any Court fee since the proceedings are governed by the Code of Criminal Procedure, even though the impact of the offence is largely confined to the private parties. Even though the imposition of costs by the competent court is a matter of discretion, the scale of costs has been suggested in the interest of uniformity. The competent Court can of course reduce the costs with regard to the specific facts and circumstances of a case, while recording reasons in writing for such variance. Bona fide litigants should of course contest the proceedings to their logical end. Even in the past, this Court has used its power to do complete justice under Article 142 of the Constitution to frame guidelines in relation to subject-matter where there was a legislative vacuum.”

Revaluation of answerbooks

The Himachal Pradesh High Court had ordered production of the answer sheet and directed its re-evaluation and on that basis directed the Himachal Pradesh Public Service Commission to appoint the respondent, Mukesh Thakur, to the post of a Civil Judge (Junior Division). The HPPSC filed appeal before the Supreme Court against this order.

Allowing the appeal, the Bench said, “It is a matter of chance that the High Court was examining the answer sheets relating to law. Had it been other subjects like physics, chemistry and mathematics, we are unable to understand as to whether such a course could have been adopted by the High Court.”

The Bench while setting aside the judgment of High Court, pointed out that there was no provision in the Rules for re-evaluation and since the respondent failed to secure the qualifying marks, he was not called for the interview.

Whether land can be aquired without notice !

“Section 9 of the act (Land Acquisition Act, 1894) provides for an opportunity to the ‘person-interested’ to file a claim petition with documentary evidence for determining the market value of the land and in case a person does not file a claim under Section 9 even after receiving the notice, he still has a right to make an application for making a reference under Section 18 of the act.”

“Therefore, scheme of the act is such that it does not cause any prejudicial consequence in case the notice under Section 9(3) is not served upon the person interested,” said a vacation bench of the Supreme Court comprising Honorable Justice B S Chauhan and Justice Swatanter Kumar.

The court said: “The land vests in the state free from all encumbrances when possession is taken under Section 16 of the act. Once land is vested in the state, it cannot be divested even if there has been some irregularity in the acquisition proceedings. In spite of the fact that Section 9 notice had not been served upon the person interested, he could still claim the compensation and ask for making the reference under Section 18 of the act. There is nothing in the act to show that non-compliance thereof will be fatal or visit any penalty.”

The court rejected the plea which had said that the provisions of Section 9 of the act was mandatory in nature and non-compliance thereof would vitiate the award and all other consequential proceedings.

Zeroing in on Section 9 of the act, the bench said, whether the provision is mandatory or directory, depends upon the intent of legislature and not upon the language for which the intent is clothed.

“The issue is to be examined having regard to the context, subject matter and object of the statutory provisions in question. The court may find out as what would be the consequence which would flow from construing it in one way or the other and as to whether the statute provides for a contingency of the non-compliance of the provisions and as to whether the non-compliance is visited by small penalty or serious consequence would flow therefrom and as to whether a particular interpretation would defeat or frustrate the legislation and if the provision is mandatory, the act done in breach thereof will be invalid,” remarked Justice Chauhan writing the verdict for the bench.

It said, “failure of issuance of notice under Section 9(3) would not adversely affect the subsequent proceedings including the award and title of the government in the acquired land. So far as the person interested is concerned, he is entitled only to receive the compensation and therefore, there may be a large number of disputes regarding the apportionment of the compensation. In such an eventuality, he may approach the district collector to make a reference to the court under Section 30 of the act”.

Useful links for matrimonial litigants

http://savefamily.org/

http://www.498a.org/

http://ipc498a.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/a-guide-to-surviving-ipc-498a-apr-2008ci.pdf

Specific performance of unregistered sale deed

1. A document required to be registered, if unregistered is not admissible into evidence under Section 49 of the Registration Act.
2. Such unregistered document can however be used as an evidence of collateral purpose as provided in the proviso to Section 49 of the Registration Act.
3. A collateral transaction must be independent of, or divisible from, the transaction to effect which the law required registration.
4. A collateral transaction must be a transaction not itself required to be effected by a registered document, that is, a transaction creating, etc. any right, title or interest inimmovable property of the value of one hundred rupees and upwards.
5. If a document is inadmissible in evidence for want of registration, none of its terms can be admitted in evidence and that to use a document for the purpose of proving an important clause would not be using it as a collateral purpose.
6. A document required to be registered, if unregistered, can be admitted in evidence as evidence of a contract in a suit for specific performance.

See,
1. CIVIL APPEAL NO. 3192 OF 2010 (SC), S. Kaladevi v. V.R. Somasundaram & Ors. (Decided o 12/04/2010)
2. K.B. Saha and Sons Private Limited v. Development Consultant Limited (2008) 8 SCC 564
3. Kalavakurti Venkata Subbaiah v. Bala Gurappagari Guruvi Reddy (1999) 7 SCC 114

घरेलू हिंसा - गिरफ्तारी से पहले समझौते का प्रयास आवश्यक

इलाहबाद उच्च न्यायालय के एक खंड पीठ ने दिनांक २६/०२/२०१० को एक व्यापक दिशा निर्देश जारी करते हुए पुलिस प्रशासन को यह निर्देश दिया है कि घरेलू हिंसा , दहेज़ उत्पीड़न , एवं अन्य साधारण वैवाहिक अपराधों में केवल प्राथमिकी दर्ज होने के आधार पर अभियुक्तों को पुलिस गिरफ्तार न करे। अपितु , विवाद को पहले न्यायलय के मध्यस्थता केंद्र या जहाँ मध्यस्थता केंद्र स्थापित नहीं हुए है, वहां पुलिस के मध्यस्थता प्रकोष्ठ में भेजे और मध्यस्थता के असफल होने तथा अपराध के गंभीर होने पर ही गिरफ्तारी करे।
उच्च न्यायालय ने यह भी निर्देश दिया है कि जिला मजिस्ट्रेट , वरिष्ठ पुलिस अधीक्षक तथा जिलाधिकारी के द्वारा मानिटरिंग सेल की मासिक बैठक में उक्त प्रकार के विवादों की नियमित समीक्षा की जाये। न्यायलय द्वारा दिए गए दिशा निर्देश के पूर्ण उद्धृत पाठ के लिए इससे ठीक पहले अंग्रेजी में लिखा गया पोस्ट (mediation in matrimonial offences) देखें ।

Mediation in matrimonial offences

IN CRIMINAL MISC. WRIT PETITION No. 3322 of 2010 Sanjeev Kumar & Others Vs. State Of U.P. & Others (Allahabad High Court), wide Judgment and Order Dated - 26/2/2010

their Lordships Hon'ble Amar Saran,J. and Hon'ble Shyam Shankar Tiwari,J. have directed that : "when a complainant approaches the police station or the concerned lower courts, with complaints about harassment, or violence against the wife, by the husband and in-laws, except in cases of extremely grave nature or in cases of serious violence and injuries, and where there are possibilities of repeated violence against the wife, the Courts or the police should first make an effort to try and bring about a reconciliation between the parties, by directing the parties to appear before the mediation centres in the Courts, wherever they exist, or to the mediation cells with the police. If reconciliation is not possible, and the matter appears to be serious, or there is a probability of recurrence of violence, only in those cases should the police take immediate steps for arresting the accused in pursuance of the FIR. "

The court observed that :


"It needs to be observed however, that in a very large number of cases the accused are rushing to this Court for relief, where complaints or FIRs under sections 498 A IPC or under section � Dowry Prohibition Act or allied provisions are filed against the husbands and their family members. The matters are frequently referred to the mediation centre of the High Court, and stays of arrest are granted by the writ Courts, and in a number of others cases where complaints or charge sheets have been filed, orders staying proceedings are being passed in applications under section 482 Cr.P.C. or in Criminal Revisions, or transfer applications, resulting in further clogging of the already overcrowded dockets of pending cases in the High Court, which cause other genuine and important matters to be put on the back burner.
Largely these stays are granted by this Court because of the view that offences against married women need to be handled rationally even for protecting the interests of the complainant wife or her relatives, as too ready arrests, jail or prosecutions in these matters may foreclose the option of reconciliation between the parties at a subsequent stage.
Immediate arrests or prosecution of the accused in these matters without any attempt to settle the matter by mediation may in fact cause the aggrieved wife to be a double victim. First, as a result of the ill treatment or violence that she has initially suffered at the hands of her husband or in-laws, and later where she has no other means of livelihood or support, she may be dragged into a protracted litigation to secure the conviction of her husband and in-laws. In the latter case there may be situations where for one or the other reason she is unable to attend the trial court on the dates fixed, where she may run the risk of warrants being issued against her for compelling her attendance. Even after securing the conviction of her husband or in-laws her problems of livelihood would remain, as usually wives are not economically independent, and her natal family, if any, may not be able or willing to support her for the rest of her life.
The other reason why this Court often interferes in such cases, is that when the atmosphere, between the wife and her natal family and the husband and his family has become sour, there is a tendency to rope in as many of the relations of the husband as possible, even though they may not be directly involved in the crime. This negative tendency was adversely commented upon by the Supreme Court in Kansraj v. State of Punjab, AIR 2000 SC 2324. Such en masse involvement of a large number of family members takes place because in the aftermath of the incident, tempers are extremely high, the parties do not have a cool mind, and the aggrieved party at that stage only wants to seek recompense, by sending the other party to jail. It is only with the passage of some time usually with the help of mediators, that wisdom may dawn and the complaining party may consider the advisability of exploring other options such as either to resolve their differences and to come together, or to mutually agree to part on acceptable terms.
We may note that under sections 41 and 157 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and also under the U.P. Police Regulations, it is not mandatory to arrest the accused in each case where an FIR is lodged, and the police has been given a discretion in the matter. In Joginder Kumar v. State of U.P., AIR 1994 SC 1349 in paragraph 24 this aspect has been emphasized as follows: "No arrest can be made because it is lawful for the Police Officer to do so. The existence of the power to arrest is one thing. The justification for the exercise of it is quite another. The Police Officer must be able to justify the arrest apart from his power to do so. Arrest and detention in police lock-up of a person can cause incalculable harm to the reputation and self esteem of a person. No arrest can be made in a routine manner on a mere allegation of commission of an offence made against a person. It would be prudent for a Police Officer in the interest of protection of the constitutional rights of a citizen and perhaps in his own interest that no arrest should be made without a reasonable satisfaction reached after some investigation as to the genuineness and bona fides of a complaint and a reasonable belief both as to the person's complicity and even so as to the need to effect arrest. Denying a person of his liberty is a serious matter. The recommendations of the Police Commission merely reflect the constitutional concomitants of the fundamental right to personal liberty and freedom. A person is not liable to arrest merely on the suspicion of complicity in an offence. There must be some reasonable justification in the opinion of the officer effecting the arrest that such arrest is necessary and justified. Except in heinous offences, an arrest must be avoided if a police officer issues notice to person to attend the Station House and not to leave Station without permission would do."

The court has issued following directions:

1.That when a complainant approaches the police station or the concerned lower courts, with complaints about harassment, or violence against the wife, by the husband and in-laws, except in cases of extremely grave nature or in cases of serious violence and injuries, and where there are possibilities of repeated violence against the wife, the Courts or the police should first make an effort to try and bring about a reconciliation between the parties, by directing the parties to appear before the mediation centres in the Courts, wherever they exist, or to the mediation cells with the police. If reconciliation is not possible, and the matter appears to be serious, or there is a probability of recurrence of violence, only in those cases should the police take immediate steps for arresting the accused in pursuance of the FIR.
2.On the next date we would also like a report from the DGP, U.P. and the Principal Secretary (Home), U.P. as to whether any G.O.s or directions on the lines suggested above for fulfillment of the objective for inititial attempt at mediation in such matrimonial matters exist, and they shall also consider the advisability of issuing such directions. In their response the said authorities should also point out the difficulties in sending the cases for mediation especially with regard to adequacy of the number of mediation centres in the Courts or attached to the police or mahila thanas, or the absence of trained mediators or any other difficulties, so that this Court may issue appropriate directions for addressing the problems indicated.
3.We would also like a response from the Organizing Secretary of the Mediation Centre of the Allahabad about their experiences and suggestions in this regard, and whether they are prepared to give training to the mediating agencies before the lower courts or connected with the police at the local levels for bringing about successful mediation of such disputes.
4.We would also like a report from the Principal Secretary (Home), U.P. and the Registrar General of the High Court about the number of Courts and districts where such facilities for mediation exist, as also the courts where no such mediation facilities exist, and the steps they propose to take to meet the short fall in mediation centres, trained mediators and other infrastructure etc. needed.
5.This Court would also welcome intervention by NGOs who are working on problems of women, to give suggestions as to how these problems may be addressed.
6.We would also like suggestions from the U.P. State Legal Services Authority as to how they can help facilitate mediation between the parties in such matrimonial matters, and other suggestions in this regard on the next listing.
7.We also direct that this matter of trying to bring about reconciliation and mediation in matters relating to domestic violence involving offences under section 498 A IPC, � D.P. Act and other allied sections, which are not of such a grave nature be also taken by the monitoring cells consisting of the District Judges, D.M.s SSP/ SP and others in their monthly meetings and the success in tackling the problem, and the difficulties if any, be communicated to this Court after the meetings, which may be placed in a tabular form before us by the registry."

पेट्रोल पम्प - नमूने के टेस्ट की पूर्व सूचना आवश्यक है

उच्चतम न्यायालय ने हिन्दुस्तान पेट्रोलियम कारपोरेशन बनाम सुपर हाई वे सर्विसेस के मामले में दिनांक १९/०२/२०१० को यह निर्णय दिया है कि पेट्रोल पम्प के निरीक्षण में लिए गए नमूने के लेबोरटरी जाँच की तिथि व स्थान की पूर्व सूचना डीलर को दिया जाना आवश्यक है ताकि वह या उसका प्रतिनिधि जाँच के समय मौजूद रह सके। यदि पूर्व सूचना नहीं दी गयी है तो डीजल में मिलावट होने के आधार पर डीलरशिप निरस्त किया जाना अवैध है। निर्णय के संगत उद्धरण के यहाँ क्लिक करें (इसी लेखक के अन्य ब्लॉग "लीगल आर्टिकल्स" में लेख संख्या १११ ) ।

S. 482 Cr.P.C.- orders /action against which it invoked

Here is the list of orders of Lower Court/ Magistrate against which applications are normally filed before the High Court under s. 482 Cr.P.C. . In Allahabad High Court, these applications are brought under following category code :

401510 order under Sections 110/111 Cr.P.C. for quashing of notice

401511 order under Sections 107/116 Cr.P.C.

401512 order under Section 125 Cr.P.C. for maintenance

401513 order under Section 126 Cr.P.C.

401514 order under Section 127 Cr.P.C. for alteration of maintenance

401515 order under Section 128 Cr.P.C. for enforcement of order of maintenance

401516 order under Section 133 Cr.P.C. for removal of nuisance

401517 order under Section 145 Cr.P.C. before filing revision

401518 order under Section 145 Cr.P.C. after filing revision

401519 order under Section 145(8) Cr.P.C. for custody or sale of crops

401520 order under Section 146 Cr.P.C. before filing revision

401521 order under Section 146 Cr.P.C. after filing revision

401522 order under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C., to quash the order for investigation

401523 order summoning accused in a complaint case without filing revision

401524 order summoning accused in a complaint case after filing revision

401525 order summoning accused after rejecting final report without filing revision

401526 order summoning accused after rejecting final report after filing revision

401527 for quashing of charge sheet

401528 for quashing of investigation

401529 for quashing of F.I.R.

401530 against summoning order u/s 319, Cr.P.C.

401531 to dispense with the presence of accused

401532 to set aside order of commitment

401533 for stay of arrest

401534 for expeditious disposal of Bail

401535 for disposal of bail on same day

401536 for quashing of criminal Proceedings in State case

401537 order under Section 203,Cr.P.C. dismissing complaint

---------------------------------

Other situations *

Against rejection or allowance of protest petition

Against order for recall of witnesses u/s 311 CrPC

Against rejection of discharge application

Against discharge order

Against order of warrant to surety and order to deposit the surety amount, without filing appeal

Against order of warrant to surety and order to deposit the surety amount after filing appeal
Challenging the jurisdiction of the trial court
Against denial of supply of records/documents to the accused s 207, 208, of CrPC
Against order for fresh bail bond for added sections/ offenses
Against rejection of prayer for expert opinion
Against rejection of application to produce prosecution witness by the accused.
Against order on production of child witness.

* Added by Mr. Surendra Singh yadav, AGA, Allahabad High Court.

समता का अधिकार सकारात्मक है, नकारात्मक नहीं

हमारी प्रशासनिक व्यवस्था में एक बड़ा दोष यह है कि बहुत बार क़ानून की अनदेखी या गलत व्याख्या करके कुछ लोगों को अनुचित लाभ दे दिया जाता है और जो लोग इस व्यवस्था से व्यावहारिक तालमेल नहीं बैठा पाते वे अपने साथ अन्याय हुआ महसूस करते हैं। उनका ऐसा सोचना स्वाभाविक भी है। परन्तु इस तरह की समस्याओं में उन्हें न्यायालय से कोई राहत नहीं मिल पाती। इस सम्बन्ध में न्यायिक दृष्टिकोण यह है कि भारत के संविधान के अनुच्छेद १४ द्वारा प्रदत्त समता का अधिकार सकारात्मक है, नकारात्मक नहीं । अर्थात कानून के समक्ष सभी समान हैं, गैर कानूनी कार्य के सम्बन्ध में समानता के अधिकार का दावा नहीं किया जा सकता। आप यह नहीं कह सकते कि अमुक मामले में पुलिस ने कोई कार्यवाही नहीं किया तो आपके मामले में भी न करे; या अमुक व्यक्ति को निर्धारित मानकों के पूरा किये बिना भी नौकरी दी गयी या कोई लाभ दिया गया तो आपको भी बिना निर्धारित मानक पूरा किये वही लाभ दिया जाय । इस सम्बन्ध में उच्चतम न्यायलय की नजीरें देखने के लिए इसी लेखक का ब्लॉग "लीगल आर्टिकल्स " में सन्देश संख्या ११० देखें। स्टेट ऑफ़ बिहार बनाम कामेश्वर प्रसाद सिंह (ए आइ आर २००० सु.को.२३०६) उच्चतम न्यायलय के निर्णयों में से एक मुख्य निर्णय है।

मुक़दमे को मार डालो !

मुकदमों तथा मुकदमेबाजी को कम करने के जितने भी उपाय किये जा रहे हैं वे मुकदमों की बढ़ती तादात के सामने बौने साबित हो रहे हैं। जाने कितने लोग न्याय व अंतिम निर्णय की आस में जीवन बिता देते है, उनकी अगली पीढ़ी का भी जीवन बीत जाता है। विशेषतया, भाई बंधुओं के बीच मुक़दमेबाजी में तो हर कोई हारता है, वास्तव में दोनों ही पक्ष हारते है। अंतिम निर्णय अर्थात मुकदमेबाजी के अवसान पर जीतने वाला भी अपनी बर्बादी की तुलना में कुछ नहीं पाता । मुकदमेबाजी को कम करने के लिए केवल सरकारी प्रयास से समस्या का निदान संभव नहीं है।
विद्वेष और मुकदमेबाजी की मानसिकता के विरुद्ध हमारा नारा है:

"मुक़दमे ने तुमको मारा, इस मुक़दमे को

मार डालो !"

निलंबन के दौरान वेतन पुनरीक्षण

In CIVIL APPEAL NO.1096 OF 2010 [ARISING OUT OF SLP (CIVIL) NO.9071 OF 2009] UNION OF INDIA v. R.K. CHOPRA decided on 01/02/2010, the Supreme Court allowing the government’s appeal rejected a claim of a Government

servant for revision of subsistence allowance based on the pay revision effected by the Central Civil Services (Revision Pay ) Rules,1997, which came into force on the 1st day of January, 1996, while he was under suspension from service.

In Para 26 of the judgment, the Supreme Court held :

“On a combined reading of Note 3 to Rule 7 of the Revised Pay Rules and FR 53(1)(ii)(a) with the clarification with Office Memorandum dated 27th August, 1958 it is clear that if the revision of pay takes effect from a date prior to the date of suspension of a Government servant then he would be entitled to benefit of increment in pay and in the subsistence allowance for the period of suspension, but if the revision scale of pay takes effect from a date falling within the period of suspension then the benefit of revision of pay and the subsistence allowances will accrue to him, only after reinstatement depending on the fact whether the period of suspension is treated as duty or not. In view of the clear distinction drawn by the Rule making authority between the cases in which the Revised scale of pay takes effect from a date prior to the date of suspension and a date falling within the period of suspension, the plea of discrimination raised cannot be sustained especially when there is no challenge to the Rules. The benefit of pay revision and the consequent revision of subsistence allowance stand postponed till the conclusion of the departmental proceedings, if the pay revision has come into effect while the Government servant is under suspension. So far as the present case is concerned, the Revised Pay Rules came into force on 1st January, 1996 when the respondent was under suspension and later he was dismissed from service on 04.08.2005 and hence the benefit of pay revision or the revision of subsistence allowance did not accrue to him. The Tribunal as well as the High Court have committed an error in holding that the respondent is entitled to the benefit of Revised Pay Rules. We, therefore, allow the appeal and set aside those orders.”

Relevant Rules :

1. Rule 10 (2) of the CCS (CCA) Rules 1965.

2. Fundamental Rules Chapter VIII FR 53;

3. Government of India order G.M.O.M. No. F-2(36)-Ests/-III/58 dated 27th August, 1958 (given in the Swamy's compilation of Fundamental and supplementary Rules)

4. Central Civil Services (Revision Pay ) Rules,1997 , Rule 3,5,6 and 7.

क्या आपको वास्तव में बीमा की आवश्यकता है ?

मनन करें कि क्या वास्तव में आपको अपना बीमा कराने की आवश्यकता है? यदि आप अकेले है या आपको अपने जीवन के बाद किसी आश्रित की आर्थिक सुरक्षा की चिंता नहीं है तो जीवन बीमा में धन लगाना आपके लिए उचित नहीं है। यह लेख जो हिंदुस्तान दैनिक दिनांक ७ फ़रवरी , २०१० से उद्धृत है, इस सम्बन्ध में मार्गदर्शन कराता है:

[अपने से पूछो किसलिए चाहिए इंश्योरेंस
इंश्योरेंस पालिसी में जो प्रीमियम आप देते हो वह धारा 80 सी के तहत एक लाख रुपये तक की छूट दिलवाने मेंसफल रहता है। लेकिन जब यह कारण नहीं है तो आपको इंश्योरेंस पालिसी क्यों खरीदना चाहिए? यहां पर ऐसे हीतीन सवाल हैं जिसे कोई भी पालिसी खरीदते समय अपने आप से पूछना चाहिए?

सवाल नंबर एक
एजेंट का भाषण : आपको इंश्योरेंस, मार्केट-लिंक्ड रिटर्न और इसके साथ-साथ इसके यूलिप में टैक्स बेनीफिट भीमिलेगा। एजेंट के इस भाषण को सुनने के बाद तुरंत आपको अपने आप से सवाल करना चाहिए कि क्या किसी भीकारण से आपको इंश्योरेंस की जरूरत है?

अब यह इंश्योरेंस एजेंट आपको नहीं बताएगा कि क्या आपको इंश्योरेंस की जरूरत है। पर आप विश्वास करें यानहीं हर किसी को इंश्योरेंस की जरूरत है। आपको इंश्योरेंस की जरूरत इसलिए है क्योंकि आप अपने ऊपर निर्भरलोगों का सुरक्षित भविष्य देखना चाहते हैं। अगर आपकी असमय मृत्यु हो जाती है तो आपके लोगों को इसका पूराफायदा मिलेगा। इस केस में जब आपके ऊपर कोई निर्भर नहीं है फिर तो सच में आपको किसी इंश्योरेंस कीजरूरत नहीं है। इस केस में अगर आपके पास ढेर सारी पूंजी है तो भी आप इंश्योरेंस से दूर रह सकते हैं।

क्वांटम इंफार्मेशन सर्विस प्राइवेट लिमिटेड के मैनेजिंग डायरेक्टर और सीईओ सतीश मेहता का कहना है,‘एकआदमी को उस स्थिति में इंश्योरेंस की जरूरत पड़ती है जब उस पर कोई आश्रित होता है या फिर उस कोई बड़ादायित्व होता है जैसे कि होम लोन। लेकिन अगर किसी भी प्रकार की जिम्मेदारी नहीं है तो ढेर सारी पूंजी होने केबाद भी आपको इंश्योरेंस लेने की जरूरत है। ’

अगर आप युवा हैं और हाल ही में कमाना शुरू किया है तथा आपके माता-पिता भी काम करते हैं इस केस में भीतुरंत इंश्योरेंस पालिसी लेने की जरूरत नहीं होती। दूसरी ओर अगर आपके माता-पिता रिटायर हो चुके हैं तथाउनको संतोषजनक पेंशन नहीं मिलती, आपकी पत्नी नौकरी नहीं करती तथा आप पर बच्चों का दायित्व है तो आपहर हाल में इंश्योरेंस पालिसी जरूरी है।

सवाल नंबर 2
एजेंट का भाषण :- आपको 20 हजार के प्रीमियम देने पर 2 लाख का कवर मिलेगा। ऐसे में आपको अपने से यहसवाल करना चाहिए कि आपको कितने इंश्योरेंस की जरूरत है?

आपका सम एश्योर्ड अथवा लाइफ कवर आप जितना प्रीमियम देते हो उस पर निर्भर करता है। याद रहे किआपकी सम एश्योर्ड राशि आपके आश्रितों को आपकी असमय मृत्यु के बाद प्राप्त हो जाएगी। आप प्रीमियम यहसोचकर न पे करें कि आपको कितना टैक्स बचाना है बल्कि यह ध्यान में रखकर करें कि आपके आश्रितों कोकितने धन की जरूरत है।

आईसीआईसीआई प्रूडेंशियल लाइफ इंश्योरेंस के सीनियर वाइस प्रेसीडेंट(प्रोडक्ट एंड सेल) प्रणव मिश्र के अनुसारआप अपने एश्योर्ड सम का निर्धारण अपनी इनकम, एक्सपेंसेस, फाइनांशियल गोल और लायबिलिटीज जैसे चारमानकों पर रखकर कर सकते हैं। अगर इस फील्ड में प्रचलित नियम की बात करें तो आपको अपने साल के खर्चेसे 12 से 15 गुना कवर लेना चाहिए अथवा अपने वार्षिक आमदनी से 8 से 10 गुना का कवर होना चाहिए।

आपकी सेविंग आपके इंश्योरेंस लायबिलिटी को नीचे ला सकती है। एक युवा व्यक्ति को हायर कवर की जरूरत होसकती है अगर उनकी तुलना किसी ऐसे व्यक्ति से करें जो कि अपने 30 और 40 की उम्र में पालिसी लेते हैं। ऐसेलोगों को भी अपने आश्रितों के आराम के लिए कुछ सेविंग करनी चाहिए जिससे आपात स्थिति में वे अपने आपकोसुरक्षित महसूस कर सकें।

अगर लाजिक की बात करें तो इंश्योरेंस की सबसे अधिक जरूरत उस समय पड़ती है जब आप रिटायर होते हैं। उससमय तक आपके कमाने की क्षमता जीरो भी हो सकती है तथा आपकी संचित पूंजी ही आप और आपके आश्रितोंके लिए कामगर साबित हो सकती है।

आपको इंश्योरेंस के बारे में जब सोच विचार करना हो तो पहले अपनी कमाई का हिसाब किताब जरूर लगा लेनाचाहिए, फिर खर्चे कितने हैं? यह आइडिया इसलिए नहीं है कि आप कितने का कवर लेने जा रहे हैं बल्कि इसलिएहै कि आप अपने आपको हमेशा के लिए किस तरह से इंश्योर कर रहे हैं।

कमाई में बढ़ोतरी
हम में से बहुत से लोग हर साल सेलरी में वृद्धि का लाभ पाते हैं। इसका सीधा मतलब है कि कमाई बढ़ने से लाइफस्टाइल में भी बदलाव आता है। अधिक कमाई में आपको सोचना चाहिए कि क्या अभी तक को जो आपका निवेशहै उससे आपके आश्रित इस लाइफ स्टाइल को हमेशा बरकरार रख पाएंगे? जब वह समय आएगा तो आपकीपालिसी उन्हें कितना लाभ पहुंचाएगी।

फाइनेंशियल गोल
आपको ऐसे निवेश का चुनाव करना होता है जिससे आप अपने लक्ष्यों तक आसानी से पहुंच जाएं। साथ ही निवेशका चुनाव करते समय यह जरूर ध्यान रखें कि आपकी मौत के बाद भी वह इफेक्टिव जरूर हो।

कर्ज पर बात करें
आपकी मौत के बाद आपको उधार देने वाले आपकी पूंजी पर हमला बोल सकते हैं। ऐसा न हो इसलिए जरूरी है किअगर आपके पास घर का लोन है अथवा क्रेडिट कार्ड का कर्ज है। आप पॉलिसी खरीदते समय यह सुनिश्चित करवालें कि आपकी मौत के बाद भी इन चीजों को कोई नहीं छुएगा उसका भुगतान इंश्योरेंस कंपनियां करेंगी।

सवाल नंबर :3
एजेंट भाषण : इस यूलिप ने बाजार में जबर्दस्त प्रदर्शन किया है। अब आपको अपने से पूछना चाहिए कि क्या यहसस्ती है?

अगर आप प्रीमियम के तौर पर 20 हजार रुपये सम एश्योर्ड 2 लाख रुपये के लिए दे रहे हैं। इसका मतलब है किआपने एक महंगी इंश्योरेंस पॉलिसी खरीदी है। 2 लाख का मतलब हो सकता है कि आपको जिस इंश्योरेंस कवर कीजरूरत थी उसका यह एक मात्र हिस्सा हो। इसलिए जरूरी है ऐसा करने से पहले आप कोई सस्ती पॉलिसी खरीदेंजिसका लाभ अधिक मिले।

अंत में : बीमा कराने के लिए आने वाला एजेंट आमतौर पर जल्दबाजी में आपसे आधी जानकारी लेकर की फार्मभर देता है। इस फार्म में कई ऐसी बाते पूछी जाती है जिनका जबाव न दिया जाए फिर बीमा तो हो जाता है लेकिनक्लेम लेने में कठिनाई होती है। ऐसे में सबसे अच्छा विकल्प है कि जिसको बीमा लेना हो वह इस फार्म को खुदभरे। एक भी कॉलम को खाली न छोड़ा जाए। अगर फार्म भरते वक्त पूरी जानकारी न हो तो बीमा कराने के लिएएक दो की प्रतीक्षा कर लेना बेहतर है। हालांकि एजेंट ऐसे मौकों जल्दबाजी में ही रहते हैं। लेकिन एजेंट तो बीमाकरा कर निकल जाएगा दिक्कतें आपको झेलना पड़ेंगी। साथी ही बीमे के पूरे भरे फार्म की एक प्रति अपने पासबीमा धारक को जरूर रखनी चाहिए।]

- दैनिक हिन्दुस्तान से साभार।